When starting or operating a business, choosing the right structure is key. Each type has its own pros and cons. Let's break down the main
business structures: sole trader, partnership, discretionary trust, unit trust, and private company, to help you understand which might be
the best fit for you.
1. Sole Trader
- Understanding: Easiest and simplest. You run the business by yourself and have complete control.
- Setup and Closure: Quick and easy to start and close. Costs are minimal.
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Taxes: You pay taxes on your profits as personal income. You can use any losses to reduce your other taxable income.
2. Partnership
- Understanding: Easy to grasp, but all partners share responsibility for debts.
- Setup and Closure: Simple to set up with a partnership agreement. Costs are reasonable.
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Taxes: Each partner pays taxes on their share of profits. Losses can be used to reduce their personal taxable income.
3. Discretionary Trust
- Understanding: More complex; a trustee manages the assets.
- Setup and Closure: Requires legal documents called trust deeds, which involve costs.
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Taxes: Income is divided among beneficiaries (people who benefit from the trust) as per the trust rules. They pay taxes on
their share. Losses can be used in future years.
4. Unit Trust
- Understanding: Similar complexity to a discretionary trust, with a trustee managing the assets.
- Setup and Closure: Requires trust deeds and involves some costs.
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Taxes: Income is shared among unit holders based on their ownership percentage. Each person pays taxes on their share.
Losses can be carried forward to offset future income.
5. Private Company
- Understanding: More complicated, as the company itself owns the assets, not the individual shareholders.
- Setup and Closure: Involves higher setup costs and more ongoing paperwork.
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Taxes: The company pays taxes on profits at a corporate rate. Shareholders get dividends, which might have tax credits.
Losses can be used to reduce future taxable income but are subject to specific conditions.
Summary
Choosing the right business structure involves weighing simplicity, liability, tax benefits, and setup costs. A sole trader setup is
straightforward but comes with personal liability. Companies offer limited liability but require more effort to manage. Partnerships and
trusts offer a middle ground, balancing liability and tax flexibility. Understanding these options will help you make the best choice for
your business.
If you're still unsure of the appropriate structure for your specific circumstances, feel free to reach out to our office and we'd be
happy to provide further guidance.
